Add pandoc-lua and pandoc-server (symlinks) and their man pages to releases. Use hslua-cli package for pandoc-lua interface (Albert Krewinkel). Add server flag to pandoc-cli, allowing it to be compiled without server support. pandoc-cli: Allow building a binary without Lua support (Albert Krewinkel).
Pandoc Extras. This is a curated list of some of the most useful third-party software that extends pandoc’s capabilities. For a more complete list, see the Pandoc Extras wiki page. GUI. PanWriter is a Markdown editor with live preview that can import and export using pandoc.
I tried nearly all methods mentioned in other answers.
Eventually, and surprisingly, I found the most satisfactory way to convert is to just open the PDF file in MS Word (2013 or newer), which retained most of the layout. Although you are gonna lose the hyperlinks of cross-references.
Pandoc ist ein freier Parser für Multidokumentenformate. Das Computerprogramm dient zur Umwandlung verschiedener dokumentbasierter Dateiformate ineinander. Pandoc basiert hierbei auf einer erweiterten Variante der Auszeichnungssprache Markdown.
Wikipedia
Offizielle Website