Summary
The periodic table is a table of all the chemical elements arranged by increasing atomic number.
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It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is generally seen as an icon of chemistry. It is a graphic formulation of the periodic law, which states that the properties of the chemical elements exhibit an approximate periodic dependence on their atomic numbers.
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Elements in the same column (group) have similar properties because of a recurring pattern called the "periodic law".
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The table is divided into four roughly rectangular areas called blocks, and the rows of the table are called periods, and the columns are called groups.
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Trends run through the periodic table, with nonmetallic character (keeping their own electrons) increasing from left to right across a period, and from down to up across a group, and metallic character (surrendering electrons to other atoms) increasing in the opposite direction.
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The underlying reason for these trends is electron configurations of atoms.
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According to
