Summary
The maximum memory limit for 32-bit versions of R on Windows is 3Gb, while most versions are limited to 2Gb. The minimum is currently 32Mb. For 32-bit R running on 64-bit Windows, the maximum memory limit is just under 4Gb. For 64-bit versions of R under 64-bit Windows, the limit is currently 8Tb.
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Summary
This cannot exceed 3Gb on 32-bit Windows, and most versions are limited to 2Gb. The minimum is currently 32Mb.
If 32-bit R is run on most 64-bit versions of Windows the maximum value of obtainable memory is just under 4Gb. For a 64-bit versions of R under 64-bit Windows the limit is currently 8Tb.
memory.size function - RDocumentation
rdocumentation.org
The maximum random access memory (RAM) installed in any computer system is limited by hardware, software and economic factors. The hardware may have a limited number of address bus bits, limited by the processor package or design of the system. Some of the address space may be shared between RAM, peripherals, and read-only memory. In the case of a microcontroller with no external RAM, the size of the RAM array is limited by the size of the integrated circuit die. In a packaged system, only enough RAM may be provided for the system's required functions, with no provision for addition of memory after manufacture.
RAM limit
wikipedia.org
The memory limits depends mainly on the build, but for a 32-bit build of R on Windows they also depend on the underlying OS version.
R: Memory Limits in R
ethz.ch